📘 Chapter Contents
1. Classroom Explanation
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are the building blocks of English sentences and are essential for NDA grammar, spotting errors, and sentence improvement.
हिंदी: Noun वह शब्द है जो किसी व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु या विचार का नाम बताता है।
2. Types of Nouns
- Proper Noun – Names of specific people or places (e.g., India, Ravi).
- Common Noun – General names (e.g., city, teacher).
- Collective Noun – Group names (e.g., team, army).
- Abstract Noun – Ideas/feelings (e.g., honesty, bravery).
- Material Noun – Substances (e.g., gold, water).
हिंदी:
Proper = विशेष नाम
Common = सामान्य नाम
Collective = समूह
Abstract = विचार/भावना
Material = पदार्थ
3. Important Rules for NDA
- Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.
- Abstract nouns cannot be touched or seen.
- Collective nouns are usually singular in NDA exams.
- Material nouns do not take plural form (❌ golds, ✔ gold).
हिंदी: Collective noun को NDA में singular माना जाता है। Material noun plural में नहीं आता।
4. NDA Shortcuts
- If the noun represents a group → treat it as singular (army, committee).
- Abstract nouns cannot take articles like “a/an”.
- Material nouns use “some”, not “a/an”.
हिंदी: Abstract noun के साथ “a/an” नहीं लगता। Material noun के साथ “some” लगता है।
5. Solved Examples
Example 1:
Honesty is the best policy.
Honesty is the best policy.
Solution: "Honesty" → abstract noun.
हिंदी: Honesty = ईमानदारी (भावना)
हिंदी: Honesty = ईमानदारी (भावना)
Example 2:
The team has won the match.
The team has won the match.
Solution: "Team" → collective noun (treated as singular).
हिंदी: Team = समूह (singular माना जाता है)
हिंदी: Team = समूह (singular माना जाता है)
Example 3:
Gold is a precious metal.
Gold is a precious metal.
Solution: "Gold" → material noun.
हिंदी: Gold = पदार्थ, plural नहीं बनता
हिंदी: Gold = पदार्थ, plural नहीं बनता
6. Practice Questions
1. Identify the noun type: "Ravi plays cricket."
2. Identify the noun type: "Bravery is admirable."
3. Identify the noun type: "The army marched forward."
4. Identify the noun type: "Water is essential for life."
5. Identify the noun type: "The city is crowded."
2. Identify the noun type: "Bravery is admirable."
3. Identify the noun type: "The army marched forward."
4. Identify the noun type: "Water is essential for life."
5. Identify the noun type: "The city is crowded."
Answers
1. Proper Noun (Ravi)
2. Abstract Noun (Bravery)
3. Collective Noun (Army)
4. Material Noun (Water)
5. Common Noun (City)
2. Abstract Noun (Bravery)
3. Collective Noun (Army)
4. Material Noun (Water)
5. Common Noun (City)
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।