📘 Chapter Contents
1. Classroom Explanation
A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition. Pronouns are extremely important for NDA grammar, especially in error spotting and sentence improvement.
हिंदी: Pronoun वह शब्द है जो noun की जगह पर आता है, ताकि बार-बार नाम न दोहराना पड़े।
2. Types of Pronouns
- Personal Pronouns – I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- Possessive Pronouns – mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
- Reflexive Pronouns – myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
- Demonstrative Pronouns – this, that, these, those
- Interrogative Pronouns – who, whom, whose, which, what
- Relative Pronouns – who, whom, whose, which, that
- Indefinite Pronouns – someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, something etc.
हिंदी:
Personal = व्यक्ति (I, you, he...)
Reflexive = खुद पर वापस (myself, yourself...)
Demonstrative = इशारा करना (this, that...)
Relative = दो sentences जोड़ने वाला (who, which, that)
3. Important Rules for NDA
- Subject pronouns: I, we, you, he, she, they are used before the verb.
- Object pronouns: me, us, you, him, her, them are used after the verb or preposition.
- Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object are the same person.
- “Each other” is used for two persons; “one another” for more than two.
- Relative pronoun “who” is used for persons (subject), “whom” for object, “which” for things, “that” for both.
हिंदी:
Subject pronoun = काम करने वाला (I, he, they)
Object pronoun = जिस पर काम हो रहा है (me, him, them)
Reflexive = जब subject खुद पर काम कर रहा हो (He hurt himself).
4. NDA Shortcuts & Memory Tricks
- Remember order: Subject: I > You > He/She/They and Object: Me > You > Him/Her/Them
- Never use “myself” alone as subject (❌ Myself Sandeep, ✔ I am Sandeep).
- Use “who” with verb, “whom” with object or preposition.
- After “between”, use object pronouns: between you and me (not I).
हिंदी: “Myself” अकेले subject नहीं बन सकता। “Between you and me” सही है, “between you and I” गलत।
5. Solved Examples
Example 1:
____ am going to the academy.
____ am going to the academy.
Solution: Subject pronoun needed → I.
हिंदी: काम करने वाला = I
हिंदी: काम करने वाला = I
Example 2:
This book belongs to Rahul and ____.
This book belongs to Rahul and ____.
Solution: After preposition “to” we use object pronoun → me (not I).
हिंदी: “to” के बाद object pronoun आता है: me
हिंदी: “to” के बाद object pronoun आता है: me
Example 3:
He hurt ____ while playing football.
He hurt ____ while playing football.
Solution: Subject and object same → reflexive pronoun → himself.
हिंदी: खुद को चोट लगाई → himself
हिंदी: खुद को चोट लगाई → himself
Example 4:
The boy ____ won the race is my brother.
The boy ____ won the race is my brother.
Solution: Relative pronoun for subject (person) → who.
हिंदी: जो लड़का दौड़ जीता → who
हिंदी: जो लड़का दौड़ जीता → who
6. Practice Questions
1. ____ is your best friend? (who/whom)
2. This gift is for Rahul and _____. (I/me)
3. She blamed ____ for the mistake. (herself/her)
4. The soldiers ____ fought bravely were honoured. (who/whom)
5. Nobody helped ____ in the exam. (them/they)
2. This gift is for Rahul and _____. (I/me)
3. She blamed ____ for the mistake. (herself/her)
4. The soldiers ____ fought bravely were honoured. (who/whom)
5. Nobody helped ____ in the exam. (them/they)
Answers
1. who
2. me
3. herself
4. who
5. them
2. me
3. herself
4. who
5. them
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।