📘 Chapter Contents
1. Classroom Explanation
Tenses are the foundation of English grammar and extremely important for NDA.
हिंदी: Tense बताता है कि काम कब हुआ — Present, Past या Future।
2. Important Concepts
- Present Tense – Current actions or habits
- Past Tense – Completed past actions
- Future Tense – Expected future actions
हिंदी: Present = अभी, Past = पहले हो चुका, Future = आगे होगा
3. Important Rules / Formulas
- Present Simple → Subject + V1 (He/She/It → V1+s/es)
- Present Continuous → is/am/are + V-ing
- Past Simple → V2
- Past Continuous → was/were + V-ing
- Future Simple → will + V1
हिंदी: Has/Have/Had के बाद हमेशा V3। Was/Were के बाद हमेशा V-ing।
4. NDA Shortcuts & Memory Tricks
- "Yesterday", "Ago" → always Past Simple
- "By the time" → Past Perfect
- "Since/For" → Perfect Continuous
हिंदी: “Since/For” दिखे → Perfect Continuous. “By the time” → Had + V3।
5. Solved Examples
Example 1:
He ____ (go) to school every day.
He ____ (go) to school every day.
Solution: Present Simple → goes
हिंदी: रोज़ का काम = Present Simple
हिंदी: रोज़ का काम = Present Simple
Example 2:
She ____ (sleep) when I called her.
She ____ (sleep) when I called her.
Solution: Past Continuous → was sleeping
हिंदी: कॉल के समय वह सो रही थी
हिंदी: कॉल के समय वह सो रही थी
Example 3:
They ____ (finish) the work before the teacher arrived.
They ____ (finish) the work before the teacher arrived.
Solution: Past Perfect → had finished
हिंदी: एक past action से पहले पूरा हुआ
हिंदी: एक past action से पहले पूरा हुआ
6. Practice Questions
1. She ____ (write) a letter now.
2. They ____ (complete) the task yesterday.
3. I ____ (know) him since 2010.
4. He ____ (play) football every Sunday.
5. She ____ (cook) when I reached home.
2. They ____ (complete) the task yesterday.
3. I ____ (know) him since 2010.
4. He ____ (play) football every Sunday.
5. She ____ (cook) when I reached home.
Answers
1. is writing
2. completed
3. have known
4. plays
5. was cooking
2. completed
3. have known
4. plays
5. was cooking
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।