1. What are Constitutional Bodies?
Constitutional Bodies are created directly by the Constitution of India.
Their powers, functions and structure are given in the Constitution itself.
Examples (NDA focus):
Examples (NDA focus):
- Election Commission of India (ECI)
- Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
- Finance Commission
- Attorney General of India
हिंदी: Constitutional Bodies = जो सीधे संविधान में लिखे हैं,
इसलिए इन्हें हटाना या बदलना आसान नहीं है।
2. Election Commission of India (ECI)
- Article 324 – superintendence, direction and control of elections.
- Conducts elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, President and Vice-President.
- Ensures free and fair elections.
हिंदी: ECI = चुनाव कराने की सभी जिम्मेदारी –
लोकसभा, राज्य विधानसभाएँ, राष्ट्रपति, उपराष्ट्रपति – सबके चुनाव।
3. Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- Conducts examinations for recruitment to All India Services and Central Services.
- Advises government on recruitment, promotions, disciplinary matters etc.
- Ensures merit-based selection.
4. Finance Commission
- Constituted under Article 280.
- Advises President on distribution of financial resources between Centre and States.
- Usually constituted every 5 years.
5. Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
- Article 148 – CAG is the guardian of public purse.
- Audits accounts of Union and State governments, government companies etc.
- Helps Parliament and State Legislatures in financial control.
हिंदी: CAG = सरकार के पैसों का “मुख्य ऑडिटर” –
कहाँ, कितना और कैसे खर्च हुआ – इसकी जांच करता है।
6. What are Non-Constitutional (Statutory / Other) Bodies?
Non-Constitutional Bodies are NOT directly mentioned in the Constitution.
They are created by:
- Acts of Parliament (Statutory bodies) or
- Executive orders of the government.
- NITI Aayog – policy think tank (replaced Planning Commission).
- National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) – protects human rights.
- Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) – anti-corruption vigilance.
हिंदी:
Constitutional = संविधान से बने
Statutory / Non-Constitutional = संसद के कानून या सरकारी आदेश से बने।
7. Why are These Bodies Important?
- They support democracy and rule of law.
- Ensure fair elections, clean recruitment, honest use of money.
- Act as watchdogs over government actions.
- Help in policy making and protecting citizens’ rights.
📘 Practice Questions (NDA Style)
1. Election Commission of India is a:
a) Constitutional body b) Statutory body c) Private body d) Judicial body
2. Which Article deals with the powers of Election Commission?
a) 280 b) 324 c) 148 d) 312
3. The Finance Commission is constituted under Article:
a) 280 b) 324 c) 148 d) 352
4. CAG is mainly concerned with:
a) Conducting exams b) Auditing government accounts c) Making laws d) Conducting elections
5. NITI Aayog is a:
a) Constitutional body b) Non-Constitutional body c) Judicial body d) Military body
a) Constitutional body b) Statutory body c) Private body d) Judicial body
2. Which Article deals with the powers of Election Commission?
a) 280 b) 324 c) 148 d) 312
3. The Finance Commission is constituted under Article:
a) 280 b) 324 c) 148 d) 352
4. CAG is mainly concerned with:
a) Conducting exams b) Auditing government accounts c) Making laws d) Conducting elections
5. NITI Aayog is a:
a) Constitutional body b) Non-Constitutional body c) Judicial body d) Military body
Answers:
1 – a) Constitutional body
2 – b) 324
3 – a) 280
4 – b) Auditing government accounts
5 – b) Non-Constitutional body
1 – a) Constitutional body
2 – b) 324
3 – a) 280
4 – b) Auditing government accounts
5 – b) Non-Constitutional body
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।