1. Structure of State Government
At the State level, we have:
- Governor (Head of State)
- Chief Minister (CM) and Council of Ministers (real executive)
- State Legislature (Law-making body)
हिंदी: State level पर Governor = नाममात्र प्रमुख,
CM + Council of Ministers = असली शक्ति,
Vidhan Sabha / Vidhan Parishad = कानून बनाने वाले सदन।
2. Governor (Arts. 153–162)
- Appointed by the President of India.
- Normally one Governor for each State (sometimes one Governor for two States).
- Term: 5 years, but can be removed earlier by President.
- Must be a citizen of India and at least 35 years old.
हिंदी: Governor – State का constitutional head,
लेकिन असली power CM के पास होती है (जैसे Centre में President–PM संबंध)।
2.1 Powers of the Governor (Simple NDA View)
Executive:
- Appoints CM and other Ministers.
- Appoints Advocate General of the State.
- Summons and prorogues the State Legislature.
- Can dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
- Gives assent to Bills passed by State Legislature.
- Can reserve some Bills for the President’s consideration.
- Money Bill can be introduced in State Assembly only with his recommendation.
3. Chief Minister & Council of Ministers
- CM is the head of State Government (real executive).
- Appointed by the Governor – usually leader of majority party in Assembly.
- CM selects ministers and leads the Council of Ministers.
- Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly.
हिंदी: CM = State का “Captain” –
Governor के नाम से काम होता है, लेकिन निर्णय CM और Ministers लेते हैं।
3.1 Role of CM (Short Points)
- Advises Governor on appointment of Ministers.
- Allocates work among Ministers.
- Heads Cabinet meetings at State level.
- Leader of the House in Legislative Assembly (if member).
- Main link between State Government and Governor.
4. State Legislature
Two possible structures:
- Unicameral: only Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha).
- Bicameral: Legislative Assembly + Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad).
4.1 Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha)
- Lower House / main law-making body at State level.
- Members directly elected by the people.
- Term: normally 5 years (can be dissolved earlier).
- More powerful than Legislative Council (if exists).
4.2 Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad)
- Upper House (exists only in some States).
- Members are partly elected and partly nominated.
- Permanent body – not subject to dissolution.
- 1/3rd members retire every 2 years.
हिंदी: State Legislature की structure बिल्कुल Parliament जैसी –
Vidhan Sabha = Lok Sabha जैसा; Vidhan Parishad = Rajya Sabha जैसा (जहाँ मौजूद हो)।
📘 Practice Questions (NDA Style)
1. The Governor of a State is appointed by:
a) Chief Minister b) President c) Prime Minister d) Chief Justice of India
2. The normal term of office of a Governor is:
a) 3 years b) 4 years c) 5 years d) 6 years
3. The real executive head of a State is:
a) Governor b) Chief Minister c) Chief Justice d) Speaker
4. In most States, the State Legislature is:
a) Unicameral b) Bicameral c) Tricameral d) No legislature
5. Legislative Council of a State is a:
a) Temporary House b) Permanent House c) Directly elected House d) Judicial House
a) Chief Minister b) President c) Prime Minister d) Chief Justice of India
2. The normal term of office of a Governor is:
a) 3 years b) 4 years c) 5 years d) 6 years
3. The real executive head of a State is:
a) Governor b) Chief Minister c) Chief Justice d) Speaker
4. In most States, the State Legislature is:
a) Unicameral b) Bicameral c) Tricameral d) No legislature
5. Legislative Council of a State is a:
a) Temporary House b) Permanent House c) Directly elected House d) Judicial House
Answers:
1 – b) President
2 – c) 5 years
3 – b) Chief Minister
4 – a) Unicameral
5 – b) Permanent House
1 – b) President
2 – c) 5 years
3 – b) Chief Minister
4 – a) Unicameral
5 – b) Permanent House
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।