L • Language

L8. Direct & Indirect Speech (कथन)

Reporting verbs + tense backshift

Professor Notes

Rules: said to→told; tense backshift; pronoun/time change.

Rules: said to→told; tense backshift; pronoun/time change।

Practice Tip: रोज 10 नए शब्द + 5 grammar questions. Accuracy पहले, speed बाद में।

Q1. Indirect: He said, 'I am tired.'
Indirect: He said, 'I am tired.'

A. He said that he is tired. B. He said that he was tired. C. He says that he was tired. D. He told that he was tired.

Answer: B
Explanation: am→was; I→he.
Trick: am→was

Q2. Indirect: She said to me, 'I will help you.'
Indirect: She said to me, 'I will help you.'

A. She told me that she would help me. B. She said me that she will help me. C. She told that she will help. D. She told me she will helped me.

Answer: A
Explanation: said to→told; will→would.
Trick: will→would

Q3. Indirect: Ravi said, 'I can swim.'
Indirect: Ravi said, 'I can swim.'

A. Ravi said that he can swim. B. Ravi said that he could swim. C. Ravi says he could swim. D. Ravi told he can swim.

Answer: B
Explanation: can→could.
Trick: can→could

Q4. Indirect: He said, 'Today is a holiday.'
Indirect: He said, 'Today is a holiday.'

A. He said that today is a holiday. B. He said that that day was a holiday. C. He said that day is holiday. D. He told that day was holiday.

Answer: B
Explanation: today→that day; is→was.
Trick: today→that day

Q5. Direct: She told me that she was happy.
Direct: She told me that she was happy.

A. She said to me, 'I am happy.' B. She said, 'She was happy.' C. She told, 'I was happy.' D. She said me, 'I am happy'.

Answer: A
Explanation: told→said to; she→I.
Trick: told→said to

Q6. Indirect: He said, 'I have finished my work.'
Indirect: He said, 'I have finished my work.'

A. He said he has finished his work. B. He said he had finished his work. C. He said he finished his work. D. He told he has finished.

Answer: B
Explanation: have finished→had finished.
Trick: present perfect→past perfect