1. Important National Facts (Quick Table)
| Topic | Fact (English) | Hindi Note |
|---|---|---|
| Country | Republic of India | भारत गणराज्य |
| Capital | New Delhi | राजधानी – नई दिल्ली |
| National Flag | Tiranga – three colours (saffron, white, green) with Ashoka Chakra (24 spokes) | तिरंगा, बीच में अशोक चक्र |
| National Emblem | Adapted from Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath – four lions (one hidden) | सारनाथ का सिंह स्तंभ – चार शेर |
| Motto | Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) | “सत्यमेव जयते” – सत्य की ही जीत होती है |
| National Anthem | Jana-Gana-Mana | जन गण मन |
| National Song | Vande Mataram | वंदे मातरम् |
| National Animal | Bengal Tiger | बाघ |
| National Bird | Peacock | मोर |
| National Flower | Lotus | कमल |
| National Tree | Banyan | वट वृक्ष |
| National River | Ganga | गंगा |
| National Calendar | Saka Calendar | शक संवत |
हिंदी:
ये symbols बार–बार exam में पूछे जाते हैं।
Student को बोलें – इस table को print कर के रोज़ 5 मिनट revise करें।
2. Parliament & States (High-Level View)
- India = Union of States.
- Parliament = Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha + President.
- Lok Sabha – House of People (directly elected).
- Rajya Sabha – Council of States.
3. Defence Forces – Basic Structure (NDA-Oriented)
India’s defence is mainly organised into:
- Indian Army – land warfare.
- Indian Navy – sea/naval operations.
- Indian Air Force – air operations.
4. Ranks (Simple Concept Table – Officer Level)
| Army (Officer) | Navy (Officer) | Air Force (Officer) |
|---|---|---|
| Lieutenant | Sub-Lieutenant | Flying Officer |
| Captain | Lieutenant | Flight Lieutenant |
| Major | Lieutenant Commander | Squadron Leader |
| Lieutenant Colonel | Commander | Wing Commander |
| Colonel | Captain | Group Captain |
| Brigadier | Commodore | Air Commodore |
| Major General | Rear Admiral | Air Vice Marshal |
| Lieutenant General | Vice Admiral | Air Marshal |
| General | Admiral | Air Chief Marshal |
हिंदी:
Student से कहें – कम से कम ये basic mapping याद रखे:
General–Admiral–Air Chief Marshal = तीनों services के top ranks (officer cadre में)।
📘 Practice Questions (NDA Style)
1. India’s national animal is:
a) Lion
b) Tiger
c) Elephant
d) Leopard
2. The words “Satyameva Jayate” are written below which of the following?
a) National Flag
b) National Anthem
c) National Emblem
d) National Song
3. The upper house of Indian Parliament is:
a) Lok Sabha
b) Rajya Sabha
c) Vidhan Sabha
d) Gram Sabha
4. The counterpart rank of “General” in the Indian Navy is:
a) Vice Admiral
b) Rear Admiral
c) Captain
d) Admiral
5. The natural national bird of India is:
a) Sparrow
b) Eagle
c) Peacock
d) Pigeon
a) Lion
b) Tiger
c) Elephant
d) Leopard
2. The words “Satyameva Jayate” are written below which of the following?
a) National Flag
b) National Anthem
c) National Emblem
d) National Song
3. The upper house of Indian Parliament is:
a) Lok Sabha
b) Rajya Sabha
c) Vidhan Sabha
d) Gram Sabha
4. The counterpart rank of “General” in the Indian Navy is:
a) Vice Admiral
b) Rear Admiral
c) Captain
d) Admiral
5. The natural national bird of India is:
a) Sparrow
b) Eagle
c) Peacock
d) Pigeon
Answers:
1 – b
2 – c
3 – b
4 – d
5 – c
1 – b
2 – c
3 – b
4 – d
5 – c
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।