📘 Chapter Contents
1. Classroom Explanation
A verb is a word that shows action, state, or possession. It is the heart of a sentence and is closely linked with tenses and subject–verb agreement.
हिंदी: Verb वह शब्द है जो काम, अवस्था या अधिकार (पास होना) दिखाता है।
2. Types of Verbs
- Main (Lexical) Verbs – go, eat, run, read
- Helping (Auxiliary) Verbs – is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, shall
- Transitive Verbs – need an object (He reads a book).
- Intransitive Verbs – do not need an object (He sleeps).
- Modal Verbs – can, could, may, might, must, should, would
हिंदी: Transitive = जिसके बाद object आता है, Intransitive = अकेले भी पूरा अर्थ दे देता है।
3. Forms of Verbs (V1–V5)
- V1 – base form (go)
- V2 – past form (went)
- V3 – past participle (gone)
- V4 – present participle (going)
- V5 – s/es form (goes)
हिंदी: Tense के हिसाब से V1, V2, V3, V4 का सही use NDA के लिए बहुत ज़रूरी है।
4. Important Rules for NDA
- “Has/Have/Had” take V3.
- Continuous forms take V4 (-ing).
- After modals (can, should etc.) always use V1.
- Do/Does/Did also take V1.
5. Solved Examples
Example 1:
He ____ (go) to the academy every day.
He ____ (go) to the academy every day.
Habit → Present Simple → goes.
हिंदी: He/She/It के साथ V1+s/es
हिंदी: He/She/It के साथ V1+s/es
Example 2:
They ____ (finish) their homework already.
They ____ (finish) their homework already.
Already + present → Present Perfect → have finished.
हिंदी: Have/Has + V3
हिंदी: Have/Has + V3
6. Practice Questions
1. She ____ (eat) breakfast at 8 am every day.
2. They ____ (play) football now.
3. He ____ (write) a letter yesterday.
4. We ____ (go) to Delhi tomorrow. (use “will”)
5. I ____ (finish) the task by evening. (use “will have” + V3)
2. They ____ (play) football now.
3. He ____ (write) a letter yesterday.
4. We ____ (go) to Delhi tomorrow. (use “will”)
5. I ____ (finish) the task by evening. (use “will have” + V3)
Answers
1. eats
2. are playing
3. wrote
4. will go
5. will have finished
2. are playing
3. wrote
4. will go
5. will have finished
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।