1. Poverty – Basic Idea
Poverty means a situation where people are unable to meet basic needs:
- Food
- Clothing
- Housing
- Education & health
हिंदी: Poverty = ऐसी स्थिति जिसमें व्यक्ति अपनी मूलभूत ज़रूरतें भी पूरी नहीं कर पाता –
जैसे पर्याप्त भोजन, कपड़े, रहने की जगह, इलाज, शिक्षा आदि।
2. Types of Unemployment (NDA Level)
Unemployment – when people who are willing and able to work cannot find work.
Main types:
Main types:
- Seasonal Unemployment: work available only in certain seasons (e.g., agriculture).
- Disguised Unemployment: more workers employed than needed – even if some are removed, output does not fall.
- Open Unemployment: people openly without job, seeking work.
- Educated Unemployment: educated people without suitable jobs.
हिंदी:
Disguised unemployment गाँवों में common –
जैसे खेत में 5 लोगों का काम है लेकिन 8 लोग लगे हैं → 3 लोग वास्तव में बेरोज़गार जैसे हैं।
3. Link between Poverty & Unemployment
- Unemployment reduces income → leads to poverty.
- Poverty can lead to poor education/skills → leads to unemployment.
- So both are connected in a cycle.
4. Examples of Welfare / Anti-Poverty Programmes (Names Only Level)
(You can update scheme list later as per latest data. Here, use as **concept placeholders**.)
- Rural employment programmes (e.g., wage employment schemes).
- Food security and ration distribution schemes.
- Housing schemes for poor.
- Skill development and self-employment schemes.
- Provide work/income.
- Provide subsidised food.
- Improve living conditions of poor.
5. Role of Economic Growth
- High and inclusive economic growth helps reduce poverty and unemployment.
- But growth must be accompanied by fair distribution and social justice.
📘 Practice Questions (NDA Style)
1. Poverty mainly refers to:
a) High GDP
b) Inability to meet basic needs
c) High taxes
d) Increasing exports
2. When more people are employed than actually needed, it is called:
a) Open unemployment
b) Seasonal unemployment
c) Disguised unemployment
d) Educated unemployment
3. Seasonal unemployment is most common in:
a) IT sector
b) Banking sector
c) Agriculture sector
d) Defence sector
4. Educated unemployment means:
a) Illiterate people without jobs
b) Educated people without suitable jobs
c) Only teachers without jobs
d) Only engineers without jobs
5. Government welfare schemes aim to:
a) Increase poverty
b) Increase unemployment
c) Reduce poverty and improve living standards
d) Stop economic growth
a) High GDP
b) Inability to meet basic needs
c) High taxes
d) Increasing exports
2. When more people are employed than actually needed, it is called:
a) Open unemployment
b) Seasonal unemployment
c) Disguised unemployment
d) Educated unemployment
3. Seasonal unemployment is most common in:
a) IT sector
b) Banking sector
c) Agriculture sector
d) Defence sector
4. Educated unemployment means:
a) Illiterate people without jobs
b) Educated people without suitable jobs
c) Only teachers without jobs
d) Only engineers without jobs
5. Government welfare schemes aim to:
a) Increase poverty
b) Increase unemployment
c) Reduce poverty and improve living standards
d) Stop economic growth
Answers:
1 – b) Inability to meet basic needs
2 – c) Disguised unemployment
3 – c) Agriculture sector
4 – b) Educated people without suitable jobs
5 – c) Reduce poverty and improve living standards
1 – b) Inability to meet basic needs
2 – c) Disguised unemployment
3 – c) Agriculture sector
4 – b) Educated people without suitable jobs
5 – c) Reduce poverty and improve living standards
Quick Recap | सार
Now you should be able to:
- Recall the most important ideas of this topic.
- Solve typical NDA-style questions from this chapter.
- Spot and avoid common traps used in competitive exams.
Self-check: 3–4 random questions उठा कर देखिए – अगर आसानी से हो रहे हैं, तो chapter strong है।
Common Exam Mistakes | आम गलतियाँ
- Concept ठीक से clear न करना और सीधे रटने की कोशिश करना।
- Question पूरी तरह पढ़े बिना answer mark कर देना।
- Figures, dates, या formulas को last step में verify न करना।
NDA में smart strategy यह है कि आसान वाले सवाल पहले, doubtful बाद में – और silly mistakes से बचना सबसे ज़रूरी है।